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1 κάμπτω
Aκάμψω Il.7.118
, S.OC91: [tense] aor. 1ἔκαμψα Od.5.453
, Pi.P.2.51, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.καμφθήσομαι D.Chr.77.33
, Gal.UP2.15: [tense] aor. , Th.3.58: [tense] pf. inf.κεκάμφθαι Hp.Art.67
, part.κεκαμμένος Arist.Metaph. 1016a12
, ([etym.] ἐπι-, συγ-) Hp.Prog.3, X. Eq.7.2. (Cogn. with Lith. ka[mtilde]p-as 'corner', ku[mtilde]p-as 'curved', and prob. Lat. campus):—bend, curve, ὄφρα ἴτυν κάμψῃ that he may bend it into a chariot-rail, Il.4.486 (so metaph.,κ. νέας ἁψῖδας ἐπῶν Ar.Th.53
): freq. in phrase, γόνυ κ. bend the knee so as to sit down and rest,φημί μιν ἀσπασίως γόνυ κάμψειν Il.7.118
, cf. 19.72; ; οὐ κάμπτων γόνυ, i.e. never resting, A.Pr.32; ἄσμενός τἂν.. κάμψειεν γόνυ ib. 398;ἵζω.. κάμψας γόνυ E.Hec. 1150
; soκ. κῶλα S.OC19
; then κάμπτειν alone, sit down, rest, ib.85, E.Hec. 1080(lyr.); also γόνυ κ. bend the knee in worship, LXXIs.45.23, etc.:—[voice] Pass., bend oneself, opp. ἐκτείνεσθαι, Pl.Ti. 74b; ; ἡ κεκαμμένη (sc. γραμμή ) a bent line, Arist.Metaph.l.c.II turn or guide a horse or chariot round the turning-post (cf.καμπτήρ 11
), κάμψαι διαύλου θάτερον κῶλον πάλιν to double the post and return along the second half of the δίαυλος, A.Ag. 344;κ. δρόμον B. 9.26
; κάμπτοντος ἵππου as the horse was turning, S.El. 744;κ. περὶ νύσσαν Theoc.24.120
: metaph., κ. βίον to make the last turn in the course of life, S.OC91;κ. βίου τέλος E.Hipp.87
, El. 956;ὅταν κάμψῃς καὶ τελευτήσῃς βίον Id.Hel. 1666
; ἑξηκοστὸν ἥλιον κ. Herod.10.1; διὰ λόγου κάμψαι κακά to end evils by reasoning, E.Supp. 748.2 of seamen, double a headland,Ἡρακλέας στήλας Hdt.4.42
; τὸ ἀκρωτήριον, τὴν ἄκρην, Id.4.43, 7.122; , cf. Aeschrio 8.3; Μαλέαν κ. Poet. ap. Str.8.6.20, D.S.13.64, etc.;κ. περὶ ἄκραν Ar.Ach.96
; κ. κόλπον wind round the bay, Hdt.7.58.3 abs., πάλιν κ. turn back, E.Ba. 1225, Rh. 234 (lyr.); ἐγγὺς τῶν ἐμῶν κάμπτεις φρενῶν ( κάμπτῃ codd.) thou comest near my meaning, Id.IT 815.III in Music, κάμπτων με καὶ στρέφων ὅλην διέφθορεν (sc. Phrynis) with his turns and twists, Pherecr.145.15;κ. καμπήν Ar.Nu. 969
;κ. ᾠδάς Philostr.VA4.39
.IV metaph., κάμπτειν τινά bow down, humble, Pi.P.2.51;ὁ Χρόνος μ' ἔκαμψε Crates Theb.17
:—[voice] Pass., to be bent or bowed down, , 308, cf. 513; κάμπτομαι I submit, Pl.Prt. 320b, etc.; ; πολλὰ κάμπτονται καὶ συγκλῶνται are warped, Id.Tht. 173b: abs., to be moved to pity, Th.3.58 (in fullκ. εἰς ἔλεον Lib.Or. 59.85
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2 κάμπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bend, bow, curve' (Il., IA.).Other forms: fut. κάμψω, aor. κάμψαι, pass. καμφθῆναι (A., Th.; v. l. Ι 158), perf. pass. κεκάμφθαι (Hp.),Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συν-; as 1. member e. g. in καμψί-πους adjunct of Έρινύς (A. Th. 791 [lyr.]), meaning uncertain,Derivatives: Substant. 1. ( ἀνα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συγ-)καμπή `bow, curvature' (IA.) with κάμπιμος `bent' (E. IT 81, verse end; after πομπή: πόμπιμος, s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 81); ἐπικάμπ-ιος `forming an ἐπικαμπή, bow, bend', milit. a. building techn. expression (Ph. Bel., Plb.). 2. ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, συγ- etc.) κάμψις `bow, curving' (IA.); s. Schwyzer 444 n. 11. 3. καμπτήρ, - ῆρος m. "bender, curver", as milit. and sport-term `bend, turning-point of the racing course' (X., Arist., Herod.) with καμπτήριος (sch.). 4. περικάμπτης `tergiversator' (gloss.). - Adject. 5. καμπύλος `bent, curved' (Il.; after ἀγκύλος, Chantraine Formation 250) with καμπύλη f. `crook' (Ar., Plu.), καμπουλίρ (= καμπυλίς) ἐλαίας εἶδος. Λάκωνες H., καμπυλότης `being curved' (Hp., Arist.), καμπύλλω `curve' (Hp.), also καμπυλεύομαι, καμπυλόομαι (medic.), καμπυλιάζω (Phot., Suid.); poet. lengthening καμπυλόεις (AP; Schwyzer 527). 6. ἐπι-, περι-καμπής `curved', from ἐπι-, περι-κάμπτω (vgl. Chantraine 426f., Strömberg Prefix Studies 101). 7. καμπτικός `flexible' (Arist., Poll.). 8. καμψόν καμπύλον H.; after γαμψός? (cf. Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434, Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 46ff.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: This root, which is well represented in Greek, has a verbal stem καμπ- without ablaut, with the primary verbal noun καμπ-ή (with καμπ-ύλος?) and κάμπ-τω with κάμψαι etc., and has in the other languages scattered nominal representatives, partly in metaph. meanings and therefore not always certain: Latv. kampis `curved wood, hook for a kettle', Lith. kam̃pas `corner, side, hidden place', also `curved wood at the collar (of a horse)', with which agree both Lat. campus `field' (prop. `(bow) Biegung, (lower field) Niederung'?) and a German. adj. `mutilated, lame', e. g. Goth. hamfs. "Beside it stands with final -b (cf. on σκαμβός) a Celtic adjective `curved', OIr. camm etc. (\< * cambo-; to which Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 3, 231 connects the brook- and place-name Kobenz \< * Kambantia); cf. further Campona GN in Pannonia). - Further there are in Baltic several words for `curved etc.' with u-vowel, Lith. kum̃pas `curved', Latv. kùmpt `become bent, verschrumpfen' a. o., which may have a reduced vowel-grade, but at the same time have a popular character and therefore can only be added here with reserve." The same applies perhaps even more to a few Skt. words: kumpa- `lame in the hand' (lex.) and, because of the meaning, Skt. kampate `tremble'; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s.vv." More forms in Pok. 525, W.-Hofmann s. campus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kam̃pas. - From κάμψαι perh. Lat. campsāre `sail around, bend off' (Span. cansar etc., Rice Lang. 19, 154ff.); from καμπή Lat.-Rom. camba, gamba (see Fohalle Mélanges Vendryes 157ff., Kretschmer Glotta 16, 166f.) and Alb. kāmbë `leg, foot' (Mann Lang. 17, 19 and 26, 380); from καμπύλος Osman. kambur `hump, humpy' \> NGr. καβούρης (Maidhof Glotta 10, 10); in Byz. γαμματίζω = κάμπτω, - ομαι Amantos assumes (s. Kretschmer Glotta 16, 179) a noun *γάμμα, *κάμμα. - I have maintained here Frisk's discussion, as it shows clearly how unreliable the material is; it is rather from a substratum language. To this comes that IE would require a form * kh₂mp-, a type that is quite rare. The conclusion can only be that καμπ- is of Pre-Greek origin. - Cf. on γαμψός and γνάμτω, for which I also arrived at this conclusion.Page in Frisk: 1,774-775Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάμπτω
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3 οἶνος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `wine' (Il.).Other forms: dial. ϜοῖνοςCompounds: Very many compp., e.g. οἰνο-χόος m. `cupbearer' with - χοέω, - χοῆσαι `to be a cupbearer, to pour wine' (Il.), ep. also - χοεύω (only pres.), metr. conditioned (Schwyzer 732, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 368); οἰν-άνθη f. `fruit-bearing bud, blossom of the vine', also metaph. of the grape (since Pi., Thphr.), also name of a plant, `meadowsweet, Spiraea flipendula', because of the smell (Cratin., Arist.), name of an unknown bird (Arist.; Thompson Birds s. v.); ἄ-οινος `without wine' (IA.), ἔξ-οινος `drunken' (Alex., Plb.), backformation from ἐξ-οινόομαι `to get drunk' (E.); more in Strömberg Prefix Studies 72 (also Schwyzer-Debrunner 462). On Οἰνόη cf. 2. οἴη.Derivatives: A. Subst. 1. Diminut., mostly belittling: οἰν-άριον (D., hell.; because of the meaning not from οἴναρον, cf. Chantraine Form. 74); - ίσκος (Cratin., Eub.), - ίδιον (Apollod.). 2. οἴνη f. `vine' (Hes.; like ἐλαία: ἔλαιον a.o., Schwyzer-Debrunner 30, Chantraine 24); οἰνάς f. `id.' (AP, Nic.; Chantr. 353), also `rock dove, Columba livia', after the colour (Arist.; details in Thompson Birds s.v.); also adj. `belonging to the wine' (AP, APl.). 3. οἴν-αρον n. `vineleaf, grape vine' (X., Thphr.) with - αρίς, - αρία, - άρεος, - αρίζω (Ibyc., Ar., Hp., Thphr.). 4. οἰνοῦττα f. `wine cake' (Ar.), also name of a plant with intoxicating effect (Arist.; Schwyzer 528, Chantraine Form. 272). 5. οἰνών, - ῶνος m. `wine cellar' (X., hell.). 6. Ϝοινώα f. `vineyard?' (Thespiae; cf. προθυρῴα a.o. in Hdn. Gr. 1, 303). 7. Some H.glosses: οἴνωτρον χάρακα, ἧ την ἄμπελον ἱστᾶσι, γοίνακες (= Ϝ-) βλαστοί, γοινέες κόρακες (cf. οἰνάς). -- B. Adj. 8. οἰν-ηρός `containing wine, abundant in wine' (Pi., Ion., Arist.); 9. - ώδης `winelike, redolent of wine' (Hp., Arist.); 10. - ικός `belonging to the wine' (hell., inscr. a. pap.). -- C. Verbs. 11. οἰν-ίζομαι `to get oneself wine' (Il., late prose), - ίζω `to resemble wine' (Thphr., Dsc.); with οἰν-ιστήρια n. pl. name of an Attic feast (Eup., H., Phot.); cf. Άνθεστήρια, χαριστήρια a.o. 12. οἰν-όομαι, - όω `to intoxicate (oneself)' (Ion., Od., trag.) with - ωσις f. `intoxication' ( Stoic., Plu.); on the meaning cf. Müri Mus. Helv. 10, 36. -- On the PN Οἰνεύς s. Bosshardt 106 f.; on the riverN Οἰνοῦς m. (Laconia) and on Οἰνοῦσσαι f. pl. (islands) Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 233.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1120?] *u̯eiH- `turn, bend'Etymology: With (Ϝ)οῖνος agree, except for the gender and auslaut, Lat. vīnum (if from *u̯oinom; Umbr. etc. vinu then Lat. LW [loanword]), Arm. gini (\< *u̯oinii̯o-), Alb. vênë (\< *u̯oinā); an IE word for `wine', reconstructed from this, may together with the related Lat. vītis `vine' and many others (s. on ἴτυς) belong to the group u̯ei- `turn, bend'. As the wild vine a.o. was at home in southern Russia and certain parts of middle Europe, this assumption is acceptable also from the aspect of historical facts. As however the cultivation of the vine has started in the Mediterranean lands or in the Pontus area and in the south of the Caucasus, most scholars incline, to look for the origin of the word in these countries, what would point to non-IE origin. But if we put the homeland of viticulture in the Pontus and the northern Balkan, the word for `wine' might come from there. From this IE source would then come not only the words mentioned from Greek, Lat., Arm. and Albania, but also Hitt. u̯ii̯an(a)-, Hier. Hitt. wa(i)ana-, and also the relevant Semit. words, e.g. Arab. wain, Hebr. jajin (common * wainu-?). Thus Beekes, MSS 48(1987)21-6, who points out that the Hitt. form requires *u̯ih₁on-. From Lat. vīnum further the Celt. a. Germ., from Germ. or Latin again the Slav. and (indir.) Balt. wine words; from Arm. gini e.g. Georg. γvino. -- Lit. with further details in WP. 1, 226 (IE, resp. PArm.), Pok. 1121, W.-Hofmann s. vīnum, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 642 ff., Vasmer s. vinó. Cf also Kronasser Vorgeschichte und Indogermanistik (Symposion 1959) 122 f..Page in Frisk: 2,364-366Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οἶνος
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4 κύπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bend forward, stoop, (run) with the head down' (IA).Derivatives: ἐπί-, κατά-, παρά-, πρό-κυψις `stoopng' (medic., hell.); συγκύπ-ται pl. `rafters, sloping beams' (Ath. Mech.), παρακυπτ-ικός `looking inside, inspect inquisitively' ( Cod. Iust.). Adv. κύβ-δα `bent forward' (Archil., com.). Enlarged present κυπτάζω `keep stooping, go poking about' (com.). - Besides κῡφός `bent forwards, hunchbacked' (β 16) with several derivv.: κύφων, - ωνος m. `bent yoke of the plough, pillory, who has had is neck in a pillory, curved beam etc.' (Thgn., Archil., com. etc.) with κυφώνιον kind of salve (Alex. Trall.), - ισμός `punishment by the κ,' (sch.); κυφότης `being bent' (Hld.), κῦφος n. `hump, hunch' (Hdn.; Schwyzer 512). Denomin. κυφόομαι `be bent, humpbacked' with κύφωσις `being humpbacked', - ωμα `hump' (medic.); as backformation (to κυφός or κέκυφα?) κύφω in κύφοντα ὀφθαλμοῖς `with downcast eyes' (LXX). - With factitive meaning κυπόω `overthrow', only ( ἀνα-) κυπώσας (Lyc., Nic.); after τύπτω (: τύπος): τυπόω?Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As κῡφός is in Greek isolated in its formation, it may be original as against the regular κύπτω (with old perfect κέκῡφα?). κυφός has been compared with Skt. kubhrá- m. `humpbacked bull', kubjá- `humpbacked, curved', for which recently mundide origin has been claimed; a reduplicated formation is found in Skt. kakúbh- f. `top, summit, hump'. Directe comparison of κῦφος n. with Av. kaōfa- m. `mountain, camel-hump' (Brandenstein Μνήμης χάριν 1, 53) is deceptive, as κῦφος was built in Greek to κυφός. Of words with final -p- may be mentioned Lith. kuprà, OHG hovar `hump'. Uncertain is the relation to diverse glosses as κύφερον η κυφήν κεφαλήν. Κρῆτες H. (cf. Bechtel Dial. 2, 789) [prob.not here; see 2. κύμβη], also words for `pot, jar' as Skt. kumbhá-, Av. xumba- m. (cf. Sturtevant Lang. 17, 10). Cf. further on κύπελλον, 1. κύμβη, κύβος, κυψέλη. The variation κυφ- κυπ- rather points to a Pre-Greek word; there is no good IE comparandum.Page in Frisk: 2,52-53Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύπτω
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5 ῥαιβός
Grammatical information: adj.Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in ῥαιβο-ειδής `crooked of shape' (Hp.).Derivatives: ῥαιβ-ηδόν `in bendings' (Euph.), - όω `to bend' (Lyc., Gal.), - ότης f. `bendedness' (Eust.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The words in - βός express often a corporeal defect, e.g. κολοβός, κλαμβός, σκαμβός, ὑβός; the β may belong to the root ( στραβός). Also in ῥαιβός the β is old and inherited, if the comparison with Germ., e.g. Goth. wraiqs ' σκολιός' is reliable: IE *u̯roigʷo- or *u̯roig-u̯o- (Aufrecht KZ 12, 400, Persson Beitr. 1, 502 n.1). On the α-vowel cf. κλαμβός a.o. above, also λαιός, σκαιός (w. old u̯o-suffix). Other proposal, not to be preferred by Solmsen KZ 34, 552: to Lith. sráigė `snail' (s. Fraenkel s.v.). -- Further details (parly diff.) w. lit. in Bq, WP. 1, 279, Pok. 1158, Feist Vgl. Wb. s. wraiqs. Cf. ῥοικός, also ῥυβός. -- The vocalism can only be explained if we assume *wreh₂ig-u̯-, which cannot be combined with *u̯roig-u̯-; so the word is prob. not IE, and may be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,639Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥαιβός
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6 ῥώψ 1
ῥώψ 1.Grammatical information: f.Derivatives: ῥωπ-ήϊα pl. (Il.), - ίον n. (D. C.), - άς f. (Opp.), - αξ m. (Suid.) `id.'; - ήεις `overgrown with bush' (Q. S.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Beside ῥώψ with long vowel stands the `zero grade' ῥαπίζω, χρυσό-ρραπις, which with ῥάβδος, ῥάμνος, also with ῥέπω, ῥέμβομαι may form a group (meaning `turn, wind, bend'; s. vv. w. lit.). No connections outside Greek. -- The word may be of Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 2,669Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥώψ 1
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7 παρακλίνω
A bend, turn aside, ἦκα παρακλίνας κεφαλήν Od.20.301 ; π. τοὺς μυκτῆρας πρὸςτὰς λαύρας Ar. Pax 157
; π. τὴν πύλην set it ajar, Hdt.3.156 ; π. τῆς αὐλείας open a bit of the hall-door, Ar. Pax 981.2 metaph., ἄλλῃ παρκλίνωσι δίκας turn justice from her path, Hes.Op. 262 ;π. τὸν νόμον Arist.Rh.Al. 1444b16
; of words, σμικρόν τι π. alter slightly, Pl.Cra. 410a, cf. 400c.3 lay beside, τὰς λαγόνας γυναιξί dub. in LXX Si. 47.19 (v. παρανακλίνω), cf. Ruf.Ren.Ves.1.13 :—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., lie alongside, Hp.Art.54 ; lie down beside, τινι Theoc.2.44, AP5.293 (Agath.); lie side by side, Arist.HA 540a1 ; of adjacent lands,Πελοπηῒς ὅση παρακέκλιται Ἰσθμῷ Call.Del.72
.4 [voice] Med., turn aside, Ant.Lib.17.6.II intr., turn aside, Il.23.424 (where however ἵππους may be supplied) ; παρακλίνασα having swerved from her first seeming, A.Ag. 744 (lyr.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παρακλίνω
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8 εἰλέω 2
εἰλέω 2.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `roll, turn, wind, revolve' (most hell.).Other forms: ἴλλω, εἴλλω (Att.; s. below). The non-present forms, which are most compounds, are based on the presents: εἰλῆσαι, εἰλήσω, εἴληκα etc.; from ἴλλω only ἰλλάμην (IG 5 (2): 472, 11; Megalopolis II-IIIp).Compounds: Often with prefix, esp. ἐν-, περι-ειλέω (X., hell.), -( ε)ίλλω (Th. 2, 76; codd. Ar. Ra. 1066), also ἀπ-, δι-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, κατ-, παρ-ειλέω (hell.), ἐξ-, κατ-ίλλω (X., Hp.).Derivatives: From εἰλέω: εἰλεός (s. v.; sec. adapted?); ( ἐν-, ἐξ-, ἐπ-, κατ-, περι-)εἴλησις `winding etc.' (Pl.), ( ἐν-, περι-) εἴλημα `id.' (J., Poll.); εἰλετίας kind of reed (Thphr.), εἰλητάριον `winding, roll' (Aët.), εἰληδόν adv. `in windings' (AP). From ἴλλω: ἰλλός `looking aslant' (s. v.) with many derivations; ἰλλάς f. `snare, knot' (Ν 572; Chantr. Form. 351) with ἰλλίζει δεσμεύει, συστρέφει, ἀγελάζει H. (also to 1. ἴλλω); unclear ἰλλάδας γονάς ++ ἀγελειὰς καὶ συστροφάς H. (S. Fr. 70 and E. Fr. 837); prob. to 1. - Here also several nouns that have formally been separated from the verb: s. ἕλιξ, εἶλιγξ, ἕλμις, ἑλένη, εὑλή, εὔληρα, λῶμα, ὅλμος, οὖλος a. o.; further ἀλινδέω, also αἰόλος; lastly the u-enlarged εἰλύω with many derivatives (s. v.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1140] *u̯el- `turn, wind, revolve'Etymology: Like 1. εἰλέω, ( ἐ)ίλλω `press' also εἰλέω, ἴλλω `turn' continue a n-present *Ϝελ-νέω, resp. a reduplicated *Ϝί-Ϝλ-ω. The formal falling together led often also to semantic coincidence; so for A. R. ἰλλόμενος in 2, 27 λέων... ἰλλόμενός περ ὁμίλῳ, also when originally not `surrounded', but `pressed', identical with the formally identical ptc. in 1, 129 δεσμοῖς ἰλλόμενος. - Also in the other languages there are many words that go back on the flexible notion `turn, wind, revolve' etc.; cf. e.g. OIr. fillim `turn, bend', if with Pedersen Vergl. Gramm. d. kelt. Spr. 2, 522 an n-present (but hardly Lith. veliù, vélti `confuse hair(s)' (= εἴλλω?; s. on 1.). A special group are the u-enlargements, s. on εἰλύω. Further cf. Arm. glem `roll, throw down', which may continue *u̯ēl- or *u̯ōl-ei̯ō (Meillet MSL 8, 163; 9, 144; uncertain Skt. valati, -te (class.) `turn', s. Tedesco JournAmOrSoc. 67, 100ff. - See Solmsen Unt. 229ff.Page in Frisk: 1,457-458Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰλέω 2
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9 ἕλμις
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: (Arist.), gen. ἕλμινθος (with new nom. ἕλμινς Hp.), also ἕλμιγγος etc.; also acc. ἕλμιθα (epid.); nom. pl. ἕλμεις (Dsc.). Difficult λίμινθες ἕλμινθες. Πάφιοι H.Compounds: As 1. member in ἑλμινθο-βότανον `herb used against worms' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: If the dental- and velar enlargements are removed (Schwyzer 510 and 498, Chantr. Form. 366 and 400) we get a word, that agrees in its ending with two other names for `worm'. (One is found in Indo-Iranian (e. g. Skt. kŕ̥mi-), in Albanian ( krimp), Baltic (e. g. Lith. kirmìs), Slavic (e. g. OCS črъmьnъ `red' \< * črъmь, slov. čr̂m `fingerworm, carbuncle'), Celtic (e. g. OIr. cruim). The other is limited to Latin ( vermis) and Germanic (e. g. Goth. waurms), but has relatives in Balto-Slavic (e. g. OPr. vormyan `red', ORuss. vermie `ἀκρίδες') and Greek (Boeot. PN Ϝάρμιχος; cf. also, with different formation, ῥόμος σκώληξ ἐν ξύλοις H.). Of these IE *kʷr̥mi- seems to be the oldest, both for its wide distribution, especially in frontier areas, as because it is etymologically isolated (cf. Porzig Gliederung 208f.). The riming *u̯r̥mi- may have been adapted to the verb *u̯er- `turn, bend' (cf. ῥόμος and ῥατάναν). A further innovation would be found in Greek because it connected the verb u̯el- `turn, wind' (s. 2. εἰλέω), which gave two further forms for `worm', εὑλή and Ϝάλη (written ὑάλη). (From Tocharian A one adds walyi pl. `worms'.) - The last mentioned (three) forms (with -l-) are clearly unrelated. The IE forms have -r-, but our word has -l- (so the word is not IE, as Furnée 290 holds). Though DELG does not think it necessary to take the - νθ- as a sign of Pre-Greek, I don't see why. Note that the form ἔλμιγγος also shows the typical Pre-Greek prenasalization (cf. acc. ἔλμιθα IG IV 12, 122,10 Epidauros). The form λίμινθες also rather suggests a Pre-Greek variant. Was it *lymi(n)t-? (with proothetic vowel a- which became e- before the palatal l?). Note that the NGr. forms λεβίθα, - ίδες confirm the vowel right of the l (see DELG).Page in Frisk: 1,501Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕλμις
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10 καρκίνος
Grammatical information: m. (Epich., IA.)Meaning: `crab' (on the meaning Thompson Fishes s. v.), metaph.. `ulcer, pair of pincers, kind of shoe etc.', also name of a constellation (Scherer Gestirnnamen 167f.). -Derivatives: Diminut. καρκίνιον (Arist., Hp.), also `kind of slipper' (Herod.), καρκινάς, - άδος f. (Gal., Ael.); καρκινίας m. name of a precious stone (Plin.; after the colour; as καπνίας a. o.; Chantraine Formation 94); καρκινευτής `crab-catcher' (Artem. 2, 14; after ἁλιευτής, ὀρνιθευτής a. o.); καρκινώδης `crab-like' (Arist., medic.). Denomin. verb καρκινόω `bend, crook one's fingers' (Antiph., Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 65), - όομαι `become cancerous, suffer from cancer' (Hp.) with καρκίνωμα `cancer' (medic.), καρκίνωσις `formation of dangerous growth' (Aët.); καρκίνωθρον (codd. - αθρον, - ηθρον) plant name, `Polygonum aviculare' (Dsc. 4, 4; after Strömberg Pflanzennamen 147 prop. "Krebsmittel" [?]; rather of the crab-like spreading roots).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Clearly connected with Lat. cancer `crab', Skt. karkaṭa- `id.'; the morphological details however are not all clear. As in Lat. cancer from * car-cro-s καρκίνος may also have had a dissimilation of r-sounds with addition of the ινο-suffix (cf. Schwyzer 490); on the formation of Skt. karkaṭa- Wackernagel-Debrunner 2: 2, 157 (etymological doubts in Mayrhofer KEWA s. v.). - From καρκίνος as LW [loanword]. Skt. karki(n)- `the crab in the zodiac' (with karka- `crab' [lex.] as backformation?). - Connection with the adjective for `hard' (s. κάρκαρος, κράτος) seems quite possible. Cf. W.-Hofmann s. cancer. - The Sanskrit word is probably not cognate (Mayrhofer, EWAia 64, Fur. 129). Fur. connects κάρχαι καρκίνοι, καὶ \<κ\> όχλοι. Σικελοί H. [not mentioned in Frisk, DELG], which is evident. This poves Pre-Greek origin. Fur. doubts the correctnes of Lat. cancer \< * karkro-, which cannot be proven. Fur. prefers to connct γάγγραινα, γάγγλιον. - ινο- can be a Pre-Greek suffix (Fur. 129 n. 54; Beekes, Pre-Greek, Suffixes; Fur. also comments on the accentuation). He also adduces (130) the PN Κερκίνος and the river name Κερκινεύς (Thessaly) with *κερκιν-.Page in Frisk: 1,789-790Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καρκίνος
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11 κάρφω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: ` dry up, wither, wrinkle' (Od.).Derivatives: 1. κάρφος n. `arid stalk, twig, halm, hay' (IA.); καρφίον dimin. (Dsc.), καρφηρός `consisting of arid stalks' (E. Ion 172; cf. αὑχμηρός, αὑστηρός a. o., Chantraine Formation 232f.), καρφίτης `id.' (AP), καρφώδης `full of κ.' (gloss.), καρφεῖα n. pl. = κάρφη pl. (Nic. Al. 118); καρφόομαι (AP) = καρφύνεσθαι ξηραίνεσθαι, φθείρεσθαι H.; s. Fraenkel Denom. 294. 2. κάρφη f. `hay' (X., Arr.). 3. καρφαλέος `arid' (Il.; as αὑαλέος; perh. from κάρφος, cf. Chantraine 253f.). 4. κατακαρφ-ής `withered' (Nik. Fr. 70, 9).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: To the zero grade thematic root present κάρφω (with κάρφος for older *κέρφος?; s. below) the other languages have no agreement. Similarity is seen in a in Balto-Slavic and Germanic wide-spread groep, e. g. Russ. koróbitь `curve, bend', refl. `curve oneself, writhe', beside which with anlaut. s- skórbnutь `writhe', Lith. skrembù, skrèbti `get a thin crust, get stiff', NIsl. herpa-st `draw together convulsively', OIcel. skorpna `writhe, wither' etc., IE. ( s)kerbh-, ( s)krebh-; Pok. 948f. "m. reicher Lit. und buntem Vergleichsmaterial" (Frisk); also Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. koróbitь and skórblyj, W.-Hofmann s. corbis. Unclear remain the Hesych -glosses κορφῶς ἐλαφρῶς, κέρβαλα ἀσθενῆ (improb. v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 40f.).. - "Die expressive Wortgruppe hat offenbar lautliche Entgleisungen und Verschränkungen erlitten" (Frisk). "Les rapprochments proposés par les étymologistes ne donnent satisfaction ni pour la forme ni pour le sens" (DELG). Cf. also κράμβη, - ός. It seems then that the word is non-IE and it may well be Pre-Greek. Note κορφῶς.Page in Frisk: 1,795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάρφω
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12 κύκλος
Grammatical information: m., pl. also τὰ κύκλα (prop. collektiv.; Schwyzer 581, Schw.-Debrunner 37)Meaning: `circle, ring, wheel', also metaph. of circle-formed objects, e.g. `circular' place, wall round the city' (Il.).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. κυκλο-τερής `made round, round' (Il.; cf. on τείρω), εὔ-κυκλος `forming a beautiful circle' (Il.); also in hypostases, e.g. ἐγ-κύκλ-ιος `going around in a circle, general' (Att. hell.; on the meaning Koller Glotta 34, 174ff.); on Κύκλ-ωψ s. v.Derivatives: A. Substant.: 1. diminutiva κυκλ-ίσκος (medic., Ptol.), - ίσκιον (Dsc.). 2. - ίστρια f. `cyclic danceress' (Att. inscr.; after κιθαρίστρια a. o.). 3. κυκλά-μινος f., m. plant-name, `Cyclamen graecum, Lonicera periclymenum' (Thphr., Dsc.), also - αμίς (Orph.), after the circular root-knoll (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 36; formation after σησάμινος a. o.). 4. Κυκλειών, - ῶνος m. month-name (Keos, IVa; after the feast τὰ Κύκλ(ε)ια). 5. Κυκλεύς PN (Ael. ; Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 130). -- B. Adject. 1. κυκλάς f. `forming a circle', also Κυκλάδες pl. as GN `circle-islands' (IA.), Lat. LW [loanword] cyclas name of a circular cloth; κυκλιάς f. adjunct of τυρός (AP). - 2. κύκλ-ιος `circular' (Att.). 3. - ικός `circular, belonging to a circle' (Arist.), 4. - όεις (S. in lyr., AP), 5. - ώδης (Hp.) `id.'; 6. κυκλ-ιαῖος `turning in a circle' (Att. inscr.), 7. - ιακός, τὰ κυκλιακά title of a treatise on the circle (late); 8. κυκλατός `shod' of horses (pap. VIp). -- C. Verbs. 1. κυκλέω `turn in a circle, curround' (H 332) with κύκλησις `revolution' (Pl.). 2. κυκλόω `make circular, bend round, surround' (IA.) with - ωμα `rounding, round object, wheel etc.' (E.; cf. Chantraine Formation 184), - ωσις `surrounding' (Th., X.). 3. κυκλεύω `surround, go in a circle', e.g. a water-wheel, `irrigate' (Hp., Str., pap.) with κύκλ-ευμα `water-wheel', - ευτήριον `id.', - ευτής `watcher of a water-wheel' (pap. 4. κυκλίζω `turn around' (Agatharch.) with - ισμός (Arist.-comm.). 5. κυκλάζει κύκλῳ περιέρχεται. 6. κυκλαίνει στρογγυλοῖ H.Etymology: Old name of the wheel, preserved in ceveral languages: Skt. cakrá- m. n., Av. čaxra- m., Germ., e.g. OE hwēol n. ( hweowol, hweogol) \> NEngl. wheel, IE * kʷe-kʷl-o- (with intensive reduplication); besides with u-coloured weakening of the reduplicating vowel (because of the labiovelar, Schwyzer 296 a. 423) κύκλος and Toch. A kukāl (B kokale) `wagon'; further the in detail unclear Phryg. κίκλην την ἄρκτον τὸ ἄστρον H., prop. `wagon' (cf. Porzig Gliederung 183; not better Scherer Gestirnnamen 139). An also very old, unreduplicated and full grade formation is represented by OWNo. huĕl (beside hjōl = OE. hwēol), OPr. kelan, IE. *kʷélo-m n. (as ἔργον); with ο-vowel (from the collektive plural kola?; Lidén GHÅ 39: 2, 47 n. 1) OCS kolo, gen. - ese `wheel, wagon'. - At the basis is the verb `turn', s. πέλομαι. Given the further general meaning `wheel' (\> `wagon') one may ask whether κύκλος in the meaning `circle' as apposed to `wheel' is not secondary. An original meaning `turning, turner' is supposed in the Baltic word for `neck; Gm. Hals', e.g. Lith. kãklas (s. Fraenkel Wb. s. v.); but the word is not only semantically, but also formally deviant (IE. * kʷo-kʷl-o- ?) from the wheel-meaning.Page in Frisk: 2,44-45Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύκλος
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13 λιάζομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bend, incline, shrink, recoil, sink' (Il.); rare a. late act. forms (cf. Wackernagel Unt. 131) λιάζω (Lyc., H.), λιάσαι (H.), λίασσε v. l. Ψ 879 for λίασθεν; nasalpresent λίναμαι τρέπομαι H. (cf. below), verbal adj. ἀλίαστος `not to be turned aside, undaubted, obstinate, incessant' (Il., Hes.; on the meaning Erbse Glotta 32, 236ff.).Other forms: aor. λιασθῆναιOrigin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: To the disyllabic passive aorist λια-σ-θῆναι (with anal. - σ-) belonged of old a nasalpresent λί-ν-α-μαι; as innoavtions arose the hapax λίασσε and esp. the present λιάζομαι (cf. Schwyzer 761, 693 and 734). - The not very outspoken meaning, which may have changed through literary influence (s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 208 f.), leaves much room for etymological speculation and makes certain interpretation difficult. The presens λίναμαι (see Wackernagel Unt. 206 n. 1 on the meaning) agrees formally with Skt. lināti (gramm.) `lean against', also `hide oneself, disappear', and Celt., OIr. lenaid `follow' (Wackernagel l.c.); the meaning is far away however. Semantically better fits Germ., e.g. Goth. af-linnan ' ἀποχωρεῖν', OHG bi-linnan `yield, stop, leave off' with - nn- from -nu̯- (Osthoff MU 4, 46). All verbs including Lat. linō `smear' are taken together by W.-Hofmann s. v. Further see Bq and WP. 2, 387 f., Pok. 661 f. with even more dubious connections. Cf. also ἐλινύω and λιμός.Page in Frisk: 2,119Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λιάζομαι
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14 λορδός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `with the upper part of the body bent backwards, with inward bent back', also sens. obsc., opposite κυφός (Hp., Arist.).Derivatives: Λόρδων, - ωνος m. name of a demon (Pl. Com. 174, 17, beside Κύβδασος from κύβδα); λορδόομαι, - όω `bend inward' (Hp., com.) with λόρδ-ωσις, - ωμα `curvature of the spine inward' (Hp., Gal.), oppos. κύφ-ωσις, - ωμα; also λορδαίνω = - όω (Hp.).Etymology: Isolated in Greek. One supposes cognates in Armenian, but also in Celtic and Germanic. Semantically agrees Arm. lorc̣-k` pl. (i-st.) = ὀπισθότονοι (Pl. Ti. 84e), i.e. `spasmodic curvature of the upper body inward' (cf. λόρδωσις, - ωμα above); but lorc̣-k` must be derived from IE * lor(d)- sk-(i)-. An agreeing formation may be found in Celt. (Gael.) loirc f. `deformed foot', which admits also an IE basis * lor(d)- sk-ā. Further we have, without sk- suffix and in ablaut deviant, MHG lerz, lurz `left\/link' (prop. `crooked', cf. lürzen `deceive' = MEngl. bi-lurten `id.'), IE * lerd-, *lr̥d-. - Bq s. v., WP. 2, 439, Pok. 679 (nach Fick 1, 538 u. 3, 364, Lidén Armen. Stud. 46f.).Page in Frisk: 2,137Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λορδός
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15 ῥόμος
Grammatical information: ?Meaning: σκώληξ ἐν ξύλοις H. (Arc.).Other forms: (cod. - οξ, prob. after the foll. word).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: If dial., ῥόμος may stand for *ῥάμος from PGr. *Ϝράμος, identical with Lat. vermis, Germ., e.g. Goth. waurms `worm', ORuss. vermie `locust, worms' except for the ending (IE *u̯r̥m-); another form of the zero grade is seen in Boeot. PN Ϝάρμιχος. If old, *Ϝρόμος stands beside Lith. var̃mas `gnat' (IE *u̯or-m-; can also explain Lat. vermis) with metathesis of the ο-vowel (by Specht Ursprung 45 not convincing explained as "Sprachzauber"). - Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 271, Pok. 1152, W.-Hofmann s. vermis, Fraenkel s. var̃mas ; on the basic u̯er- `turn, bend' s. also ῥέμβομαι. Cf. also ἕλμις. -- Both assumptions seem not very probable.Page in Frisk: 2,662Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥόμος
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